LOTO DAYA aher panpa 1-a iher panpa 10-a
INDEX Lessons 1–10
This index is designed to make it possible to find one’s way to the particular information required by the reader. The index consists of
1) language description (syntax, grammar, etc.);
2) information on difficult English words and expressions (in italics); and
3) use of certain Taneraic words (in bold).
Numbers refer to lessons, then remarks; letters refer to points within remarks: e.g., 9,6 (c) = Lesson 9 (Buhai avi raulaqa), remark no. 6 (on morphology), point C). Similarly, 1,1.2 = Lesson 1, remarks Nos. 1 & 2.
a, an, 3,1, 4,8 (what a nuisance!) 7,5 (c)
a little, 8
–a, 4,3.4, 9,1 (a.c)
able, to be, (= can) 9,3 (b)
about, (= approximately) 4 (e zoi e); (= of) 4,4, 5,3 (c)
active mood see verbs
adjectives: 3,10, 5.3
- attributive, 6,3
- demonstrative, 4,8, 5,4 (a), 6,3, 7,5 (a)
- possessive, 7,5 (a), 8,4
- predicate, 3,12, 5,7
adverbs, 3,5.10.12; of time (adverbials), 5,5, 7,1, 10,2 (see aspectuals, tense)
affixes see morphology, prefixes, suffixes
agents, 10,4 (c.d)
aher, 8,3, 9,1 (d)
aisya, 7,1
aisya rah, 9,5
aive, aivet—distinction, 7,5 (c)
all, (= every: all the men) 4 (beqi)
allative see cases
alphabet see morphology
already, 10,2
although, 9,5
an, 10,5
and, 4,4, 5.3 (a)
another, (= different) 4 (veqi); (= further) 6 (yascyi)
one another, 10
any, (any dogs) 4, 4,8; (Have you any?) 5,4 (b)
any more, not . . ., 6
anything, 9,5
articles: 3,1
- definite, 7,5
- indefinite, 4,8, 7,5
as, (appear as) 5,3 (b); (He spoke as he was eating.) 7, 8,7
ask, (ask a question) 6, 8,2
aspectuals:
- mood, 6,2, 9,3 (c), 10,5
- tense, 6,2, 7,1.2.3, 10,2
at, 4, 9,1 (a.c); (at . . . o’clock) 4 (-o)
–at, 7,5
au, 9,1 (b.c)
bacyu levis see suffixes
be, 3,9, 5,6, 8,9
because, 4, 10,8
because of, 10,8
become, 4, 5,6
before, (= in front of) 6; (= previously) 10,2
bes, 10,2
both, 10,1 (a)
bu-, 4, 6, 8
buhai, (= at the place of) 3; (= plural for proper nouns) 4, 9,1 (d)
busai, 3, 11,2 (a.b)
but, 5
by, (instrumental) 9,1 (a)
can, 5, 9,3 (b)
capital letters, 3,13, 4,2
cardinals vid. numbers
cases: 3,11
- dative/allative, 9,1 (a)
- genitive, 4,3.4, 5,3 (c), 9,1 (a.c.e)
- instrumental, 9,1 (a)
- prepositional/locative, 9,1 (a)
causatives see verbs
cer rah, 6,2, 9,5
classifiers see nouns
collective nouns see nouns of multitude
commas, 4,1, 5,5
common nouns see nouns
complements, 6,3
compounds see nouns
conjugation, 3,3
conjunctions, 4,4, 6,3, 7,3
continuous present see aspectuals, tense
copula see verbs
could, 9,3 (b)
cyurai, 9,3 (b)
–da, 3,8, 5,7, 6,3
dar-, 4, 5, 8
dates see numbers
dative see cases
das, 8,5
days of the week, 5,1
declension see cases
definite article see articles
demonstratives see adjectives, pronouns
–di, 3,8, 6,3, 10,3 (a)
diphthongs, 2,1
direct object see objects
direct speech see speech
e, (= and) 4,4, 5,3, (a); (= as, like) 5,3 (b) , 6,3, 8,7; (= of) 5,3 (c); (= ligative) 4,4, 5,3 (c), 8,7; (after intransitives) 6,3
each, 4 (jaqi)
each other, 10,1 (b)
-ed, 5
eher, 8,2, 10,8
equational sentences see nouns (copula)
-er, (comparative) 10
–esta, 9,3 (b)
even, (emphatic) 9
ever, 7
exclamations, 7,1; see verbs (imperative)
existential verbs see verbs
first, (ordinal) 5,2
for, (= for the sake or benefit of) 10,8; (= in order that) 5, 8,2; (because) 10,8
former, the, 8,1
free-standing pronouns see pronouns
from, 9,1 (a)
future see aspectuals, tense
–gara, 6, 10,4
gasta, 4
ge, 4
gender, 3,2, 4,5
genitive see cases
gerund, 7,3
go, 6
go-, 4, 6, 8
go . . ., gon, 6
have, 8,6
have to (= must), 9,3 (b)
he, 3,7, 4
her, 4 (ayoi)
his, 4 (ayoi)
honorifics, 3,13, 4,5
how, (= how much) 5; (exclamatory) 7,1; (How could you?) 9,3 (b)
I, 3,7, 4
–i, 3,10.12, 5,5.7, 6, 9,1 (a), 10,3 (b)
if, (dependent clause) 9,2; (= whether) 6, 9,2
iher, 9,1 (d), 10,3 (b)
imperative see verbs
imperfect see aspectuals, tense
impersonal mood, 10,5
impersonal pronouns see pronouns
in, 4, 8, 9,1 (a)
in front of, 6
in order that / to, 8,2, 10,8
indefinite article see articles
indirect object see objects
indirect speech see speech
infinitives see verbs
inflexion, 3,2, 4,3.4, 8,4, 9,1 (c) (see cases)
instrumental see cases
interrogative, 3,6
into, 9,1 (a)
intransitives see verbs
–is, 10,4
it, 3,7, 4,
it is/was, (with dates) 5; (with the weather) 6; (introductory) 7,1
- of it / them, 8,8
italics, 3,13
its, 4 (ayoi)
jame, 8
know, 7, 10
lacyeqo –a, 10
later, 7
latter, the, 8,1
lesser imperative see verbs (imperative)
levis see nouns, radicals
ligatives see particles
like: (= as), 5.3 (b), 6,3; (= such as) 4 (e)
likely, 9,3 (b)
little, 5
a little, 8
little by little, 9
locative see cases
many, 4 (remí)
mas, 6,2, 12,4 (a.b), 14,3, 22,3 (c)
may, 5, 11,1
me, 4
mean, 8,2, 25
mepa, 6,2, 7,3
might, 9,3 (b)
modals see aspectuals
mood see aspectuals
more [than], 10
morphology, 1,1.2.5, 6,1.3, 7,5, 9,6, 10,5
moudicyanda, 7, 8,2.3
much, 4 (remí)
must, 9,3 (b)
must be/have, 8, 9,3 (b)
my, 4 (avi)
name, 3 (saut), 4 (reso)
negation, 6,2, 8,2 (see no, not)
never, 9,5
new, (= newly acquainted) 6
ni, 9,2, 9,3 (b), 10,2
no, 1, 4
no longer, 6
no, thank you, 2
not, 1, 4, 7,1, 9,5
not yet, 9,5
not . . . any more, 6
nouns, 5,3, 8,4 (see gerund)
- classifer, 4,3.4.8, 6,5
- common, 3,11,
- compound, 4,1.3
- of time, 4,1
- partitive, 10,6
- plural, 8,5, 10,4
- proper nouns, 3,13, 4,2.4.7, 5,3 (c), 6,5, 9,1 (d)
- radical, 4,5, 6,1
- nouns (indirect object), 10,3 (b)
- nouns of activity, 7,5 (c)
- nouns of event, 7,5 (c)
- nouns of multitude, 10,4
- nouns of process / products, 7,5 (b)
now, 5
nu, 2, 6
numbers, 8,8, 9,4, 10,1 (a)
- cardinal, 4,9, 6,4
- ordinal, 5,2
numerals see numbers
nun, 5,4 (b)
nuni, 4,8, 5,4 (a)
nunien, 5,4 (b)
nunieni, 4,8, 5,4 (a)
nunis, 11
nur, 5,4 (b), 9,4.5
nura, 6, 8,8, 9,4
nuri, 4,8, 5,4 (a)
nuyole, 7,4
–o, 9,1 (a.c)
objects,
- direct, 6,3, 7,4
- indirect, 7,4, 8,4, 10,3 (b)
object pronouns see pronouns
o’clock (at . . . o’clock), 4 (-vonja[t])
of, 4,3.4, 5,3 (c), 8, 9,1 (a.c), 10,6
of it / them, 8,8
oher, 4, 8,3, 9,1 (d), 10,3 (b)
on, 8, 9,1 (a.b.c)
once, (used to) 6
one, 4,9, 5,4, 8
one another, 10,1 (b)
onto (on to), 9,1 (b)
or, 9
or so, 6
order, 10
ordinals see numbers
our, 4 (avi, ani)
out of, 9
particles,
- ligatives, 4,4, 5.3, 8,7
- pluralising see nouns
partitive nouns see nouns, partitive
pas, 10,2
passive mood see verbs
pepeta, 9,2
peta, 9,2
peva, 10
placenames see nouns (proper)
plural see nouns, pronouns, verbs (number)
pluralising particle see nouns
possessive see cases (genitive)
possessive adjectives see adjectives
possibly, 9,3 (b)
predicate see adjectives
prefixes, 4,5
prepositional see cases
prepositions, 3,11, 6,3, 9,1 (b)
prepositions, omission of, 8,3
present continuous see aspectuals, tense
present perfect see aspectuals, tense
pronouns: 8,1
- demonstrative, 5,4 (b)
- direct object, 4,6, 10,3 (a)
- free-standing, 4,7, 8,4
- impersonal, 10,5
- indirect object, 8,4, 10,3 (b)
- relative, 7,4
- subject, 3,7, 4,6.7, 8,4
pronouns, plural of, 10,1 (a)
pronunciation, 1, 2
proper nouns see nouns
pu, 6,2
pu remou rai see aspectuals
pula, 10
questions, 3,6
radicals see nouns
rah, 1, 4
saqir, 9
savos, 10,5
sediadi, 8,9
she, 3,7, 4
should, 8,2
some, (some dogs) 4, 4,8; (some do) 5,4 (b); (I have some) 5,4 (b), 9,4
somewhere, 5
speak, 8
stand, (be standing) 10,7; (stand up) 10,7
such, such a, 9
such as, 4 (e)
svai, 9,3 (c)
syau rah, 6,2
tense, 3,3, 7,1 (see aspectuals)
- future, 7,2, 9,2, 9,3 (b)
- imperfect, 6,2
- past, 10,2
- present, 7,2
- present continuous, 6,2
- present perfect, 7,1, 10,2
that, (that dog) 5,4 (a); (that is clear; that is a dog) 5,4 (b); (I prefer that) 5,4 (b); (I know that he died) 5, 7,3; (the dog that I saw) 7,4
the, 3,1
then, (apodosis) 9,2; (= at that time) 6, 9,3 (b); (= next) 10
there is/are, 5
these, (these dogs) 4,8; (these are clear; these are dogs; I prefer these) 5,4 (b)
they: 3,7
this, (this dog) 4,8, 5,4 (a); (this is clear; this is a dog; I prefer this) 5,4 (b)
those, (those dogs) 5,4 (a); (those are clear; those are dogs; I prefer those) 5,4 (b)
to, 5, 8,2.3, 9,1 (a)
together, 10,1 (a.b)
too: (also) 4 (bus)
(overly) 4, 16 (airebi)
–u, 9,1 (a)
uher, 9,1 (d)
uma, (reflexive) 6,3
–un, 10,4
up, 7
used to, 6 (pu)
useful expressions, 1, 2
–usta, 9,3 (b)
uza, 7,2, 9,3 (b)
vas, 3,9, 4, 5,6
vayole, 3,9, 5,6, 8,9
vegos, 9,3 (b)
verbs, (see gerund)
- active mood, 3,8, 5,7, 6,3, 10,3 (a)
- causative, 6,2
- copula, 3,9, 5,6.7
- existential, 3,9, 5,6
- habituative, 4
- infinitive, 3,4, 8,2
- intransitive, 3,8, 5,5, 6,3. 8,3, 9,4, 10,3 (b)
- quasi-transitive, 5,6
- reciprocal, 10,1 (b)
- reflexive, 6,3
- stative, 5,7
- transitive, 3,8, 4,6, 5,5, 6,3, 9,4, 10,3 (a.b)
verbs (number), 10,1 (b)
verbs of demand, 8,2
verbs of perception, 7,3
verbs of volition, 7,3, 8,2
viqú, 2, 11
–vonja[t], 4
vowels, 2,1.3
want, 8,2, 9,3 (a)
was, 6 (pu)
we, 3,7, 4
well: (adverb of good) 4 (xayari)
were, 6 (pu)
what, (what a day!) 7,5 (c)
when, 5, 6, 7
where, 9
whether, 6, 9,2
which, (the train which I took) 7,4
who, (a man who called by) 6; (who did you see?) 7,4
whom, 7,4
with, (comitative) 4; (instrumental) 9,1 (a); (descriptive) 6 (-o)
word order, 3,6, 8,4
would, 6,2
would like, 6, 9,3 (c)
ya, 10,1 (b)
ye, 9,1 (e)
yes, 1
yet (not yet), 9,5, 10,2
yole, 7,3
yole sedirdi, 10,6
yos, 10,1 (a)
you, 3,7, 4
your, 4 (abui)
yu . . ., yun, 9,5