4 – ADVERBS

ADVERBS

Adverbs may qualify an adjective or verb.

(a) Formation:

(1) A single-word attributive (i.e., a word added to an adjective qualifying a noun) is formed in the same way as an adjective; i.e., from a radical with the addition of the desinence –i (morphological rules apply):

celinisti, beautifully

lesqovisti, happily

syebeqi, symbolically

(2) A compound attributive (i.e., an adverb made from a compound noun) is formed with the adjunct mayole:

mayole niamo tolisya, meekly

mayole tusqer darpeu, gymnastically

If qualifying an adjective, adverbs ending in –i precede; if qualifying an intransitive verb, –i or mayole adverbs tend to follow (mayole adverbs always follow). Sometimes, to make things easier, removu (in a … manner) is used:

celinisti bevacati yoyexa, a beautifully told story

Anbevacidi yoyexat removu celinisti. The story was told beautifully. (lit., One told the story in a beautiful manner.)

lesqovi qancuti butou, a happily married man

Nuni butou qancutta lesqovi. The man was happily married.

syebeqi meseri eyan, a symbolically important play

Eyanat meserda syebeqi. The play was important symbolically.

habdaisyirati moudi mayole niamo tolisya, a meekly described plan

Moudit habdaisyirga mayole niamo tolisya. The plan was meekly described.

leisoubi tovun mayole tusqer darpeu, a gymnastically strong child

Nuni tovun leisoubda mayole tusqer darpeu. The child was gymnastically strong.

Adverbs of time usually end in the prepositional case (or the instrumental may be used):

mepaiveto, today

pasaiveto, yesterday

uzaiveto, tomorrow

yenceto, recently

Adverbs that behave as introductory matter (they are disjunctive) use the instrumental case:

syebequ, symbolically

yeniesatu, similarly

Introctory matter may also be adverbial phrases:

ai yescyeni remou, similarly (lit., in a similar fashion)

Removu may be used with an adjective to create adverbs:

Yoyaresdi aresat removu syebeqi.

He painted the picture in a symbolic manner.

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